Bioinformatics and system biology approach to identify the influences among COVID-19, influenza, and HIV on the regulation of gene expression.

Background: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2, has emerged as a infectious disease, coexisting with widespread seasonal and sporadic influenza epidemics globally. Individuals living with HIV, characterized by compromised immune systems, face an elevated risk of severe outcomes and increased mortality when affected by COVID-19. Despite this connection, the molecular intricacies linking COVID-19, influenza, and HIV remain unclear. Our research endeavors to elucidate the shared pathways and molecular markers in individuals with HIV concurrently infected with COVID-19 and influenza. Furthermore, we aim to identify potential medications that may prove beneficial in managing these three interconnected illnesses. Methods: Sequencing data for COVID-19 (GSE157103), influenza (GSE185576), and HIV (GSE195434) were retrieved from the GEO database. Commonly expressed differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified across the three datasets, followed by immune infiltration analysis and diagnostic ROC analysis on the DEGs. Functional enrichment analysis was performed using GO/KEGG and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA). Hub genes were screened through a Protein-Protein Interaction networks (PPIs) analysis among DEGs. Analysis of miRNAs, transcription factors, drug chemicals, diseases, and RNA-binding proteins was conducted based on the identified hub genes. Finally, quantitative PCR (qPCR) expression verification was undertaken for selected hub genes. Results: The analysis of the three datasets revealed a total of 22 shared DEGs, with the majority exhibiting an area under the curve value exceeding 0.7. Functional enrichment analysis with GO/KEGG and GSEA primarily highlighted signaling pathways associated with ribosomes and tumors. The ten identified hub genes included IFI44L, IFI44, RSAD2, ISG15, IFIT3, OAS1, EIF2AK2, IFI27, OASL, and EPSTI1. Additionally, five crucial miRNAs (hsa-miR-8060, hsa-miR-6890-5p, hsa-miR-5003-3p, hsa-miR-6893-3p, and hsa-miR-6069), five essential transcription factors (CREB1, CEBPB, EGR1, EP300, and IRF1), and the top ten significant drug chemicals (estradiol, progesterone, tretinoin, calcitriol, fluorouracil, methotrexate, lipopolysaccharide, valproic acid, silicon dioxide, cyclosporine) were identified. Conclusion: This research provides valuable insights into shared molecular targets, signaling pathways, drug chemicals, and potential biomarkers for individuals facing the complex intersection of COVID-19, influenza, and HIV. These findings hold promise for enhancing the precision of diagnosis and treatment for individuals with HIV co-infected with COVID-19 and influenza.

Trivalent Phosphine-Catalyzed [4+1] Spiro-annulation Reaction Using Allenyl Imide and Methylene Cyclocompounds.

The trivalent phosphine-catalyzed [4+1] spiro-annulation reaction of allenyl imide and activated methylene cyclocompounds has been developed for the construction of various spiro-2-cyclopenten-1-ones. Oxindoles, 3-isochromanones, and 2-indanones are selected as 1C synthons to capture the in situ-generated bis-electrophilic α,ß-unsaturated ketenyl phosphonium intermediate, affording the corresponding monospiro- and bispiro-cyclopentenones in good to excellent yields (≤91%) under mild conditions. The primary attempt at asymmetric catalysis using monophosphine (R)-SITCP provides promising enantioselectivity (45% ee). A plausible reaction mechanism is also proposed.

Upconversion-Mediated Optogenetics for the Treatment of Surgery-Induced Postoperative Neurocognitive Dysfunction.

Perioperative neurocognitive disorder (PND) is a common complication in surgical patients. While many interventions to prevent PND have been studied, the availability of treatment methods is limited. Thus, it is crucial to delve into the mechanisms of PND, pinpoint therapeutic targets, and develop effective treatment approaches. In this study, reduced dorsal tenia tecta (DTT) neuronal activity was found to be associated with tibial fracture surgery-induced PND, indicating that a neuronal excitation-inhibition (E-I) imbalance could contribute to PND. Optogenetics in the DTT brain region was conducted using upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) with the ability to convert 808 nm near-infrared light to visible wavelengths, which triggered the activation of excitatory neurons with minimal damage in the DTT brain region, thus improving cognitive impairment symptoms in the PND model. Moreover, this noninvasive intervention to modulate E-I imbalance showed a positive influence on mouse behavior in the Morris water maze test, which demonstrates that UCNP-mediated optogenetics is a promising tool for the treatment of neurological imbalance disorders.

Research progress on the functions and biosynthesis of theaflavins.

Theaflavins are beneficial to human health due to various bioactivities. Biosynthesis of theaflavins using polyphenol oxidase (PPO) is advantageous due to cost effectiveness and environmental friendliness. In this review, studies on the mechanism of theaflavins formation, the procedures to screen and prepare PPOs, optimization of reaction systems and immobilization of PPOs were described. The challenges associated with the mass biosynthesis of theaflavins, such as poor enzyme activity, undesirable subproducts and inclusion bodies of recombinant PPOs were presented. Further strategies to solve these challenges and improve theaflavins production, including enzyme engineering, immobilization enzyme technology, water-immiscible solvent-water biphasic systems and recombinant enzyme technology, were proposed.

Deep learning-based compressed SENSE improved diffusion-weighted image quality and liver cancer detection: A prospective study.

PURPOSE: To assess whether diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) with Compressed SENSE (CS) and deep learning (DL-CS-DWI) can improve image quality and lesion detection in patients at risk for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS: This single-center prospective study enrolled consecutive at-risk participants who underwent 3.0 T gadoxetate disodium-enhanced MRI. Conventional DWI was acquired using parallel imaging (PI) with SENSE (PI-DWI). In CS-DWI and DL-CS-DWI, CS but not PI with SENSE was used to accelerate the scan with 2.5 as the acceleration factor. Qualitative and quantitative image quality were independently assessed by two masked reviewers, and were compared using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The detection rates of clinically-relevant (LR-4/5/M based on the Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System v2018) liver lesions for each DWI sequence were independently evaluated by another two masked reviewers against their consensus assessments based on all available non-DWI sequences, and were compared by the McNemar test. RESULTS: 67 participants (median age, 58.0 years; 56 males) with 197 clinically-relevant liver lesions were enrolled. Among the three DWI sequences, DL-CS-DWI showed the best qualitative and quantitative image qualities (p range, <0.001-0.039). For clinically-relevant liver lesions, the detection rates (91.4%-93.4%) of DL-CS-DWI showed no difference with CS-DWI (87.3%-89.8%, p = 0.230-0.231) but were superior to PI-DWI (82.7%-85.8%, p = 0.015-0.025). For lesions located in the hepatic dome, DL-CS-DWI demonstrated the highest detection rates (94.8%-97.4% vs 76.9%-79.5% vs 64.1%-69.2%, p = 0.002-0.045) among the three DWI sequences. CONCLUSION: In patients at high-risk for HCC, DL-CS-DWI improved image quality and detection for clinically-relevant liver lesions, especially for the hepatic dome.

A novel perspective on di-hexyl phthalate (2-ethylhexyl)-induced reproductive toxicity in females: Lipopolysaccharide synergizes with mono-2-ethylhexyl ester to cause inflammatory apoptosis rather than autophagy in ovarian granulosa cells.

Di-hexyl phthalate (2-ethylhexyl) (DEHP) has been confirmed to cause female reproductive toxicity in humans and model animals by affecting the survival of ovarian granulosa cells (GCs), but the interrelationships between DEHP's on autophagy, apoptosis, and inflammation in GCs are not clear. Our previous study demonstrated that DEHP exposure resulted in the disturbance of intestinal flora associated with serum LPS release, which in turn led to impaired ovarian function. LPS has also been shown to determine cell fate by modulating cellular autophagy, apoptosis, and inflammation. Therefore, this study investigated the role and link between LPS and autophagy, apoptosis, and inflammation of GCs in DEHP-induced ovarian injury. Here, we constructed an in vivo injury model by continuous gavage of 0-1500 mg/kg of DEHP in female mice for 30 days and an in vitro injury model by treatment of human ovarian granulosa cells (KGN) cells with mono-2- ethylhexyl ester (MEHP, an active metabolite of DEHP in vivo). In addition, the expression of relevant pathway molecules was detected by immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, qRT-PCR, and Western blotting after the addition of the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA), the apoptosis inhibitor Z-VAD- FMK and the NF-κB inhibitor BAY11-7082. The current study found that autophagy and apoptosis were significantly activated in GCs of DEHP-induced atretic follicles in vivo and found that MEHP-induced KGN cells autophagy and apoptosis were independent and potentially cytotoxic of each other in vitro. Further studies confirmed that DEHP exposure resulted in LPS release from the intestinal tract and entering the ovary, thereby participating in DEHP-induced inflammation of GCs. In addition, we found that exogenous LPS synergized with MEHP could activate the NF-κB signaling pathway to induce inflammation and apoptosis of GCs in a relatively prolonged exposure condition. Meanwhile, inhibition of inflammatory activation could rescue apoptosis and estrogen secretion function of GCs induced by MEHP combined with LPS. These results indicated that the increased LPS influenced by DEHP might cooperate with MEHP to induce inflammatory apoptosis of GCs, an important cause of ovarian injury in mice.

Adaptive Individual Q-Learning-A Multiagent Reinforcement Learning Method for Coordination Optimization.

Multiagent reinforcement learning (MARL) has been extensively applied to coordination optimization for its task distribution and scalability. The goal of the MARL algorithms for coordination optimization is to learn the optimal joint strategy that maximizes the expected cumulative reward of all agents. Some cooperative MARL algorithms exhibit exciting characteristics in empirical studies. However, the majority of the convergence results are confined to repeated games. Moreover, few MARL algorithms consider adaptation to the switched environments such as the alternation between peak hours and off-peak hours of urban traffic flow or an obstacle suddenly appearing on the planned route for the automated guided vehicle. To this end, we propose a cooperative MARL algorithm known as adaptive individual Q-learning (A-IQL). Each agent updates the Q -function of its own action with period T to adapt to the switched environments. Convergence analysis shows that the optimal joint strategy can be obtained in stochastic games with deterministic state transitions occurring in chronological order. The influence of period T on convergence is studied through a fictitious stochastic game. The efficacy of the A-IQL algorithm is validated through two switched environments-the distributed sensor network (DSN) task and the target transportation task.

Coaxial dual-path electrochemical biosensing and logic strategy-based detection of lung cancer-derived exosomal PD-L1.

Exosomal programmed death ligand-1 (ExoPD-L1) is a vital marker of immune activation in the early stages of tumor therapy and it can inhibit anti-tumor immune responses. However, due to the low expression of ExoPD-L1 in cancer cells, it is difficult to perform highly sensitive assays and accurately differentiate cancer sources. Therefore, we constructed a coaxial dual-path electrochemical biosensor for highly accurate identification and detection of ExoPD-L1 from lung cancer based on chemical-biological coaxial nanomaterials and nucleic acid molecular signal amplification strategies. The measurements showed that the detected ExoPD-L1 concentrations ranged from 6 × 102 particles per mL to 6 × 108 particles per mL, and the detection limit was 310 particles per mL. Compared to other sensors, the electrochemical biosensor designed in this study has a lower detection limit and a wider detection range. Furthermore, we also successfully identified lung cancer-derived ExoPD-L1 by analyzing multiple protein biomarkers expressed on exosomes through the "AND" logic strategy. This sensor platform is expected to realize highly sensitive detection and accurate analysis of multiple sources of ExoPD-L1 and provide ideas for the clinical detection of ExoPD-L1.

Improved Catalytic Activity of Spherical Nucleic Acid Enzymes by Hybridization Chain Reaction and Its Application for Sensitive Analysis of Aflatoxin B1.

Conventional spherical nucleic acid enzymes (SNAzymes), made with gold nanoparticle (AuNPs) cores and DNA shells, are widely applied in bioanalysis owing to their excellent physicochemical properties. Albeit important, the crowded catalytic units (such as G-quadruplex, G4) on the limited AuNPs surface inevitably influence their catalytic activities. Herin, a hybridization chain reaction (HCR) is employed as a means to expand the quantity and spaces of G4 enzymes for their catalytic ability enhancement. Through systematic investigations, we found that when an incomplete G4 sequence was linked at the sticky ends of the hairpins with split modes (3:1 and 2:2), this would significantly decrease the HCR hybridization capability due to increased steric hindrance. In contrast, the HCR hybridization capability was remarkably enhanced after the complete G4 sequence was directly modified at the non-sticky end of the hairpins, ascribed to the steric hindrance avoided. Accordingly, the improved SNAzymes using HCR were applied for the determination of AFB1 in food samples as a proof-of-concept, which exhibited outstanding performance (detection limit, 0.08 ng/mL). Importantly, our strategy provided a new insight for the catalytic activity improvement in SNAzymes using G4 as a signaling molecule.

Distinct photochemistry of adsorbed and coprecipitated dicarboxylates with ferrihydrite: Implications for iron reductive dissolution and carbon stabilization.

Although ligand-promoted photodissolution of ferrihydrite (FH) has long been known for low molecular weight organic acids (LMWOAs), such as oxalate (Oxa) and malonate (Mal), photochemistry of coprecipitated FH with Oxa and Mal remains unknown, despite the importance of these mineral-organic associations in carbon retention has been acknowledged recently. In this study, ferrihydrite-LMWOAs associations (FLAs) were synthesized under circumneutral conditions. Photo-dissolution kinetics of FLAs were compared with those of adsorbed LMWOAs on FH surface and dissolved Fe-LMWOAs complexes through monitoring Fe(II) formation and organic carbon decay. For aqueous Fe(III)-LMWOAs complexes, Fe(II) yield was controlled by the initial concentration of LMWOAs and nature of photochemically generated carbon-centered radicals. Inner-sphere mononuclear bidentate (MB) configuration dominated while LMWOAs were adsorbed on the FH surface. MB complex of FH-Oxa was more photoreactive, leading to the rapid depletion of Oxa. Oxa can be readsorbed but in the form of binuclear bidentate and outer-sphere complexation, with much lower photoreactivity. While LMWOAs was coprecipitated with FH, the combination mode of LMWOAs with FH includes surface adsorption with a mononuclear bidentate structure and internal physical inclusion. Higher content of LMWOAs in the FLAs promoted the photo-production of Fe(II) as compared to pure FH, while it was not the case for FLAs containing moderate amounts of LMWOAs. The distinct photochemistry of adsorbed and coprecipitated Fe-LMWOAs complexes is attributed to ligand availability and configuration patterns of LMWOAs on the surface or entrapped in the interior structure. The present findings have significant implications for understanding the photochemical redox cycling of iron across the interface of Fe-organic mineral associates.

Increased miR-6132 promotes deep vein thrombosis formation by downregulating FOXP3 expression.

Background: Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is associated with aberrant gene expression that is a common peripheral vascular disease. Here, we aimed to elucidate that the epigenetic modification of forkhead box protein 3 (FOXP3) at the post-transcriptional level, which might be the key trigger leading to the down-regulation of FOXP3 expression in DVT. Methods: In order to explore the relationship between microRNAs (miRNAs) and FOXP3, mRNA and microRNA microarray analysis were performed. Dual luciferase reporter assay was used to verify the upstream miRNAs of FOXP3. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, flow cytometry and Western blot were used to detect the relative expression of miR-6132 and FOXP3. Additionally, DVT models were established to investigate the role of miR-6132 by Murine Doppler Ultrasound and Hematoxylin-Eosin staining. Results: Microarray and flow cytometry results showed that the FOXP3 expression was decreased while miR-6132 level was increased substantially in DVT, and there was significant negative correlation between miR-6132 and FOXP3. Moreover, we discovered that overexpressed miR-6132 reduced FOXP3 expression and aggravated DVT formation, while miR-6132 knockdown increased FOXP3 expression and alleviated DVT formation. Dual luciferase reporter assay validated the direct binding of miR-6132 to FOXP3. Conclusion: Collectively, our data elucidate a new avenue through which up-regulated miR-6132 contributes to the formation and progression of DVT by inhibiting FOXP3 expression.

A long-term cohort study: the immune evasion and decreasing neutralization dominated the SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infection.

Most of vaccinees and COVID-19 convalescents can build effective anti-SARS-CoV-2 humoral immunity, which helps preventing infection and alleviating symptoms. However, breakthrough viral infections caused by emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants, especially Omicron subvariants, still pose a serious threat to global health. By monitoring the viral infections and the sera neutralization ability of a long-tracked cohort, we found out that the immune evasion of emerging Omicron subvariants and the decreasing neutralization led to the mini-wave of SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections. Meanwhile, no significant difference had been found in the infectivity of tested SARS-CoV-2 variants, even though the affinity between human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) and receptor-binding domain (RBDs) of tested variants showed an increasing trend. Notably, the immune imprinting of inactivated COVID-19 vaccine can be relieved by infections of BA.5.2 and XBB.1.5 variants sequentially. Our data reveal the rising reinfection risk of immune evasion variants like Omicron JN.1 in China, suggesting the importance of booster with updated vaccines.

Fine Optimization of Colloidal Photonic Crystal Structural Color for Physically Unclonable Multiplex Encryption and Anti-Counterfeiting.

Robust anti-counterfeiting techniques aim for easy identification while remaining difficult to forge, especially for high-value items such as currency and passports. However, many existing anti-counterfeiting techniques rely on deterministic processes, resulting in loopholes for duplication and counterfeiting. Therefore, achieving high-level encryption and easy authentication through conventional anti-counterfeiting techniques has remained a significant challenge. To address this, this work proposes a solution that combined fluorescence and structural colors, creating a physically unclonable multiplex encryption system (PUMES). In this study, the physicochemical properties of colloidal photonic inks are systematically adjusted to construct a comprehensive printing phase diagram, revealing the printable region. Furthermore, the brightness and color saturation of inkjet-printed colloidal photonic crystal structural colors are optimized by controlling the substrate's hydrophobicity, printed droplet volume, and the addition of noble metals. Finally, fluorescence is incorporated to build PUMES, including macroscopic fluorescence and structural color patterns, as well as microscopic physically unclonable fluorescence patterns. The PUMES with intrinsic randomness and high encoding capacity are authenticated by a deep learning algorithm, which proved to be reliable and efficient under various observation conditions. This approach can provide easy identification and formidable resistance against counterfeiting, making it highly promising for the next-generation anti-counterfeiting of currency and passports.

All-solid-state 3-µm single-frequency Er:CaF2 laser with a stable and switchable wavelength.

We have demonstrated a 3-µm all-solid-state single-frequency laser with a stable center frequency and a switchable wavelength using the intra-cavity Fabry-Perot etalon method. Experimentally, the central wavelengths of the laser for the single-longitudinal mode are 2728 and 2794 nm, with maximum output powers of 268 and 440 mW, respectively. The corresponding single-longitudinal mode linewidths are 25 and 11 MHz. In particular, the central wavelengths of the single-longitudinal mode laser remain almost constant as the incident pump power increases. To the best of our knowledge, this study represents the first instance of using a laser diode to directly pump Er:CaF2 block single crystals for single-frequency lasers in the 3 µm region. Additionally, it achieves the highest output power of a 3-µm all-solid-state single-longitudinal mode.

Biomass Solid-State Electrolyte with Abundant Ion and Water Channels for Flexible Zinc-Air Batteries.

Flexible zinc-air batteries are the leading candidates as the next-generation power source for flexible/wearable electronics. However, constructing the safe and high-performance solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) with intrinsic hydroxide ion (OH-) conduction remains a fundamental challenge. Herein, by adopting the natural and robust cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) as building blocks, the biomass SSEs with penetrating ion and water channels are constructed by knitting the OH--conductive CNFs and water-retentive CNFs together via an energy-efficient tape casting. Benefiting from the abundant ion and water channels with interconnected hydrated OH- wires for fast OH- conduction under nanoconfined environment, the biomass SSEs reveal the high water-uptake, impressive OH- conductivity of 175 mS·cm-1 and mechanical robustness simultaneously, which overcomes the commonly existed dilemma between ion conductivity and mechanical property. Remarkably, the flexible zinc-air batteries assembled with biomass SSEs deliver exceptional cycle lifespan of 310 hours and power density of 126 mW·cm-2. The design methodology for water and ion channels opens a new avenue to design high-performance SSEs for batteries. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Polychromatic photonic Floquet-Bloch oscillations.

Photonic Floquet-Bloch oscillations (FBOs), a new type of Bloch-like oscillations in photonic Floquet lattices, have recently been observed as a typical discrete self-imaging effect. Here, we theoretically investigate the spectral range of approximate photonic Floquet-Bloch oscillations in arrays of evanescently coupled optical waveguides and show the adjustability of the spectral range. At an appropriate amplitude of the Floquet modulation, we have demonstrated approximate photonic FBOs over a broad spectral range, termed "polychromatic photonic Floquet-Bloch oscillations," which manifest as approximate self-imaging of polychromatic beams. Furthermore, by designing the functional form of the Floquet modulation, we can cascade two polychromatic photonic FBOs and further enhance the performance of polychromatic self-imaging. Our results provide a simple and novel mechanism for achieving polychromatic self-imaging in waveguide arrays and may find applications in polychromatic beam shaping and broadband optical signal processing.

The first bioactive (angiotensin-converting enzyme-inhibitory) peptide isolated from pearl matrix protein.

In this research, we unveil the medical potential of pearls by identifying a novel bioactive peptide within them for the first time. The peptide, termed KKCHFWPFPW, emerges as a pioneering angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, originating from the pearl matrix of Pinctada fucata. Employing quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry, this peptide was meticulously selected and pinpointed. With a molecular weight of 1417.5 Da and a theoretical isoelectric point of 9.31, its inhibitory potency was demonstrated through a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 4.17 µM, established via high-performance liquid chromatography. The inhibition of ACE by this peptide was found to be competitive, as revealed by Lineweaver-Burk plot analysis, where an increase in peptide concentration correlated with an enhanced rate of ACE inhibition. To delve into the interaction between KKCHFWPFPW and ACE, molecular docking simulations were conducted using the Maestro 2022-1 Glide software, shedding light on the inhibitory mechanism. This investigation suggests that peptides derived from the P. martensii pearl matrix hold promise as a novel source for antihypertensive agents.

Visible-light-promoted regioselective hydrocarboxylation of allenes with formate salt and CO2.

Visible-light-promoted hydrocarboxylation of allenes with formate salt and CO2 was developed for the first time using commercially available [Ir(ppy)2(dtbbpy)]PF6 as a photocatalyst. This strategy provides an efficient and practical method to access ß,γ-unsaturated linear carboxylic acids in moderate yields with complete regioselectivity.

Factors affecting long-term myopic regression after corneal refractive surgery for civilian pilots in southwest China.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to analyze myopic regression after corneal refractive surgery (CRS) in civilian pilots and to explore the factors that may cause long-term myopic regression. METHODS: We included civilian pilots who had undergone CRS to correct their myopia and who had at least 5 years of follow-up. We collected retrospective data and completed eye examinations and a questionnaire to assess their eye habits. RESULTS: A total of 236 eyes were evaluated in this study. 211 eyes had Intrastromal ablations (167 eyes had laser in situ keratomileusis, LASIK, 44 eyes had small incision lenticule extraction, SMILE) and 25 eyes had subepithelial ablations (15 eyes had laser epithelial keratomileusis, LASEK and 10 eyes had photorefractive keratectomy, PRK). The mean preoperative spherical equivalent (SE) was - 2.92 ± 1.11 D (range from - 1.00 to -5.00 D). A total of 56 eyes (23.6%) suffered from myopic regression after CRS. Comparisons of individual and eye characteristics between the regression and non-regression groups revealed statistically significant differences in age, cumulative flight time, postoperative SE (at 6 months and current), uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), accommodative amplitude (AA), positive relative accommodation (PRA), postoperative period, types of CRS and eye habits. Generalized propensity score weighting (GPSW) was used to balance the distribution of covariates among different age levels, types of CRS, cumulative flying time, postoperative period and continuous near-work time. The results of GPS weighted logistic regression demonstrated that the associations between age and myopic regression, types of CRS and myopic regression, continuous near-work time and myopic regression were significant. Cumulative flying time and myopic regression, postoperative period and myopic regression were no significant. Specifically, the odds ratio (OR) for age was 1.151 (P = 0.022), and the OR for type of CRS was 2.769 (P < 0.001). The OR for continuous near-work time was 0.635 with a P value of 0.038. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first report to analyze myopic regression after CRS in civilian pilots. Our study found that for each year increase in age, the risk of civilian pilots experiencing myopic regression was increased. Intrastromal ablations had a lower risk of long-term myopia regression than subepithelial ablations. There is a higher risk of myopic progression with continuous near-work time > 45 min and poor accommodative function may be related factors in this specific population.

Oxidative Cascade Iodocyclization of 1,n-Dienes: Synthesis of Iodinated Benzo[b]azepine and Benzo[b]azocine Derivatives.

An oxidative cascade iodocyclization of 1,7- or 1,8-dienes has been realized under mild conditions. By employing I2 as an iodine source, this protocol provides a concise and efficient approach to a great deal of biologically significant iodinated benzo[b]azepine and benzo[b]azocine derivatives in moderate to good yields. The gram-scale synthesis and further transformation of products render the approach practical and attractive. Radical trapping and deuterium-labeling experiments help to understand the mechanism.